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TIMELINE
Integration of Public Libraries
& Schools in Virginia
1904
Norfolk Public Library opens as the first public library in Virginia.
Construction is funded by Andrew Carnegie. The library is segregated and
serves whites-only.
In December, the George M. Jones Library Association files paperwork to
incorporate for the purposes of establishing a public library in the city of
Lynchburg.
1908
The George M. Jones Memorial Library officially
opens in Lynchburg at 434 Rivermont Avenue. The
building is constructed in the beaux arts style and
overlooks downtown.
1913
The Handley Library opens in Winchester, Virginia. Also constructed in the
Beaux Arts style, the library is funded by and named for a Pennsylvania judge.
Library service is segregated for whites only.
1921
The library is privately financed by Mary Watts Jones
but is the second public library in the state, with
service for whites-only.
The Danville Library opens whites-only public services at the Sutherlin House.
The Roanoke Public Library opens its first whites-only branch in May 1921. Rachel
Davis Harris, from the Louisville (Kentucky) Free Public Library Western Colored
Branch, travels to Roanoke to establish the Gainsboro Branch. Opened in
December 1921, Gainsboro is the first branch library in Virginia to offer
segregated services to African-Americans.
A few months later, Norfolk begins segregated services to African-Americans
through the Blyden Branch.
Charlottesville opens its first public municipal library, for whites-only.
1924
1925
1934
1936
1937
Jones Memorial Library opens the Dunbar Branch at
Dunbar High School. The branch serves students
during the day and the wider African-American
community in the evening. (TL1)
Public libraries for whites-only are opened in
Richmond and Petersburg.
Petersburg begins segregated services for African-American residents from the
basement of the public library building.
Richmond begins segregated services for African-Americans at the Rosa D. Bowser
branch.
Charlottesville starts segregated services for African-Americans at the Jefferson
School Branch.
The Alexandria Public Library opens for whites-only.
Richmond Public Library applies to the U.S. District Court to integrate its libraries.
The court denies the application.
Learn more at Digital Jones
https://digitaljones.omeka.net/exhibits/show/four-women-dunbar-branch
�TIMELINE
Integration of Public Libraries
& Schools in Virginia
1940
1947
1948
1950
1953
1959
1960
Following a sit-in, the Alexandria Public Library opens the segregated
Robert H. Robinson branch for African-Americans.
The Richmond Public Library becomes the first public library in the state to
integrate its services in 1947.
Norfolk Public Library integrates, but restrooms remain segregated.
Charlottesville Public Library integrates services in 1948.
The Alexandria Public Library integrates its services in 1950.
In October, the Alexandria librarian writes to Jones Memorial Library for advice on
offering integrated services. Librarian Lucille Dickerson replies that Lynchburg services
remained segregated. (TL2)
Danville Public Library begins segregated service for African-Americans at the Grasty
Branch.
Winchester’s Handley Library integrates in 1953.
In February, Arlington‘s Stratford Junior High School becomes the first Virginia
school to integrate.
Norfolk and Charlottesville public schools soon follow
Roanoke Public Schools integrate.
Following a court order, the Danville Public Library begins “vertical integration”
of services. Vertical integration involved removing tables and chairs from the
library, meaning patrons could only use services while standing.
Petersburg Public Library integrates its services.
1963
1964
1966
1967
1969
1970
Petersburg public schools integrate in 1963.
Alexandria public schools integrate in 1964.
The Lynchburg Public Library opens in 1966 on Main Street with David Rowland
as director. Winchester public schools integrate in 1966.
In 1967, the city of Lynchburg begins to operate Lynchburg Public Library as the
first racially integrated, taxpayer-funded public library, with Jane Black as
director.
Trustees of the Jones Memorial Library vote in August 1969 to integrate and begin
specialized services. The library starts to deaccession its fiction holdings, donating
thousands of books to the Lynchburg Public Library, Lynchburg City Schools, and
area colleges. As a specialized library, the Jones will emphasize Virginia history
and genealogy.
A year after the Jones integrates, public schools in Danville, Richmond, and
Lynchburg integrate.
Learn more at Digital Jones
https://digitaljones.omeka.net/exhibits/show/four-women-dunbar-branch
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
4. Jones Memorial Library history
Subject
The topic of the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library [Lynchburg, Virginia]
Description
An account of the resource
This collection highlights the history of the George M. Jones Memorial Library in Lynchburg, Virginia which opened in June 1908.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1908-present
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe portable document file (pdf)
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Integration Timeline of Public Libraries and Schools in Virginia
Subject
The topic of the resource
racial integration
Description
An account of the resource
Visual timeline with key dates for integration of public libraries and schools in Virginia in the 1900s.
CORRECTION 3/1/2024: Per Brenda Mitchell-Powell's book, "Public in Name Only", full integration of the Alexandria (VA) Library occurred in 1962, not 1950
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Smith, Deborah A. (Deborah Ann), 1967-
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
George M. Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Va.)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2024
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Va.)
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
JMLintegration timeline.1-2
1900s
Dunbar Branch
Dunbar High School
Dunbar High School Library
Jim Crow era
libraries
Lynchburg
public libraries
Public Schools
racial integration
racial segregation
schools
Virginia
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
4. Jones Memorial Library history
Subject
The topic of the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library [Lynchburg, Virginia]
Description
An account of the resource
This collection highlights the history of the George M. Jones Memorial Library in Lynchburg, Virginia which opened in June 1908.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1908-present
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe portable document file (pdf)
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Theological Seminary postcard
Subject
The topic of the resource
racial segregation
political advocacy
Description
An account of the resource
Scanned image of a postcard sent to Jones Memorial Library regarding racial segregation of library facilities. The card was sent from Connecticut and the text read "We have heard on radio over & over again that students of Colored Theological Seminary of Lynchburg are not allowed to use facilities of public library. It is hard to believe that such a condition can exist in the U.S.A."
This item is part of Jones Memorial Library Manuscript Collection 1396, the Dunbar High School Library Papers.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
unknown creator
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
George M. Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Va.)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1950s-1960s
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Va.)
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
jpeg
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
JMLMS1396.0127-112.13-15.Folder6
Jim Crow era
libraries
library history
MS 1396
MS1396
postcards
public libraries
racial segregation
Virginia Theological Seminary
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
4. Jones Memorial Library history
Subject
The topic of the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library [Lynchburg, Virginia]
Description
An account of the resource
This collection highlights the history of the George M. Jones Memorial Library in Lynchburg, Virginia which opened in June 1908.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1908-present
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe portable document file (pdf)
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lynchburg Improvement Association postcard
Subject
The topic of the resource
racial segregation
political advocacy
Description
An account of the resource
Digital image of a postcard and envelope sent to Jones memorial Library from the Lynchburg Improvement Association dated 15 February 1961. The postcard includes the message "Dear Citizen: How Long Will You Allow Your Tax Dollars to Support Patterson's Private Prejudices."
The postcard is alluding to the segregated services of Patterson Drug Store in Lynchburg, Virginia. The store had been the site of a December 1960 sit-in by students at Randolph College, protesting the racial segregation of the drugstore's restaurant services.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lynchburg Improvement Association
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
George M. Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Va.)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
15 February 1961
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Lynchburg Improvement Association
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
jpeg
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
JMLMS1396.Folder6.0127-112.11-12
businesses
correspondence
envelopes
Jim Crow era
Letters
MS 1396
MS1396
Patterson's Drug Store
postcards
racial integration
racial segregation
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
4. Jones Memorial Library history
Subject
The topic of the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library [Lynchburg, Virginia]
Description
An account of the resource
This collection highlights the history of the George M. Jones Memorial Library in Lynchburg, Virginia which opened in June 1908.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1908-present
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe portable document file (pdf)
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lynchburg City and Jones Memorial Library Correspondence
Subject
The topic of the resource
correspondence
public libraries -- integration
Description
An account of the resource
Digital reproduction of correspondence between the City of Lynchburg, Virginia and Lucille Dickerson for the period 25 March 1947 to 28 September 1948.
In the correspondence, Dickerson notes that Jones Memorial Library is donating books to the Dunbar High School Library. At the time, Dunbar High School Library provided services to "colored" residents of the city.
In the series of exchanges, city officials seek information about library services for "the use of the colored people in the City of Lynchburg."
Included with the correspondence is a list of libraries in the city and which racial populations they serve and a letter from the Lynchburg City Manager to the League of Virginia Municipalities, requesting information about library statistics in the state.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Va.)
City of Lynchburg (Lynchburg, Va.)
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
George M. Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Va.)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1947-1948
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Va.)
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
JMLLynchburgCityCorrespondence
city of Lynchburg
Dunbar Branch
Dunbar High School
Dunbar High School Library
Harold Baumes
integration
J.D. Wright
Jim Crow era
Jones Memorial Library
libraries
library history
Lucille Dickerson
Lynchburg City Schools
Paul Munro
public libraries
RWB Hart
school libraries
schools
segregation
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
4. Jones Memorial Library history
Subject
The topic of the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library [Lynchburg, Virginia]
Description
An account of the resource
This collection highlights the history of the George M. Jones Memorial Library in Lynchburg, Virginia which opened in June 1908.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1908-present
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe portable document file (pdf)
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alexandria Library Correspondence
Subject
The topic of the resource
public libraries -- integration
Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)
Description
An account of the resource
Digital reproduction of a letter dated 02 October 1950 from Ellen Coolidge Burke at Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia to Lucille Dickerson at Jones Memorial Library in Lynchburg, Virginia.
In her letter, Burke requests information about the racial integration of the Jones Memorial Library.
An unsigned response on 05 October 1950 from Jones Memorial Library to Burke clarifies that the library is not integrated.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Burke, Ellen Coolidge
George M. Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Va.)
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
George M. Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Va.)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
October 1950
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Va.)
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
JMLBurkeOctober1950.1-2
1950
Alexandria Library
Ellen Coolidge Burke
integration
Jim Crow era
Jones Memorial Library
library history
library services
Lucille Dickerson
public libraries
segregation
Virginia libraries
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
4. Jones Memorial Library history
Subject
The topic of the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library [Lynchburg, Virginia]
Description
An account of the resource
This collection highlights the history of the George M. Jones Memorial Library in Lynchburg, Virginia which opened in June 1908.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1908-present
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Adobe portable document file (pdf)
Language
A language of the resource
English
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lyle Stuart Letter
Subject
The topic of the resource
correspondence
public libraries -- segregation
Description
An account of the resource
Digital reproduction of a letter from Lyle Stuart to Jones Memorial Library trustees dated 10 October 1947.
In the letter, Stuart advocates for integration of the library's services and facilities.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Stuart, Lyle
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
George M. Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Va.)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
10 October 1947
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
George M. Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Va.)
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pdf
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
JMLStuart10October1947
correspondence
integration
Jim Crow era
Jones Memorial Library
Letters
library history
Lyle Stuart
public libraries
segregation